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Arranz, J. A., Caldera, J., Davila, C., Delibes,
M., Garzon, P., Gonzalez, J. L., Gonzalez, L. M., Heredia, B., Guzman, J. N.,
Pintos, R., Dominguez, L., Pereira, P., Prada, L., and Ruiz, R. 1999. Estrategia para la conservation del lince Iberico (Lynx pardinus) en Espagna. Comision Nacional de Proteccion de la Naturaleza. In Spain, the Iberian lynx is included in the category "at risk of extinction" in the National Catalogue for Endangered Species (R.D. 439/90) which means that it is object to active conservation measures specified in recovery plans. The Ministry of Environment and responsible authorities of the Autonomous Communities completed this present Strategy which main objective is to secure the long-term conservation of the Iberian lynx, serving as basis for the establishment of Recovery Plans by the Autonomous Communities, and acting as reference frame for the coordination of the conservation actions. |
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Arranz_et_al_1999_Estrategia_para_la_conservation_del_lince_Iberico.pdf |
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© J. A. Arranz et al. |
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Blanco, J. C., Barrios, L.,
González Oreja, J. A., González Vásquez, J. G., Garza, V., Crema, G.,
Rodriguez, A., Gragera, F., Jordán, G., and Villafuerte, R. 1997. |
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Castro, L. P. and Amaral, F. K. 1993. |
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The Recovery Plan of the Malcata population must consider as priority the minimization of the mentioned regression causes (habitat destruction, rabbit population decline, man-caused mortality and, probably, population isolation and genetic drift). Increasing the rabbit density in certain important areas and maintaining mediterranean vegetation untouchable in other cover areas, would be the key to the preservation of the lynx population. Conservation education would be a complementary but indispensable measure. |
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Castro_&_Amaral_1993_Recovery_plan_for_Iberian_lynx_in_Serra_da_Malcata.pdf |
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Cunha Serra, R., Sarmento, P., Baeta, R., Simão,
C., and Abreu, T. 2005. |
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| Portugal, through the Institute for Nature Conservation (ICN), participates in the Iberian lynx Working Group coordinated by the Ministry of Environment (MIMAM, Spain) where different aspects in regard to the strategy for the conservation of the lynx are planned. They also take actively part in the Spanish Captive Breeding Programme for the Iberian lynx and in its executive organ, the Committee for the Breeding in Captivity of the Iberian lynx. Portugal took the responsibility to support politically and financially the execution of the Ex-situ Conservation Plan for the Iberian lynx, participating in the Captive Breeding Programme with a exclusive centre integrated into the Iberian net directed to the Spanish Ex-situ Conservation Programme, and promoting other actions described in this Plan. | ||
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Serra_et_al_2005_Plano_de_Conservacao_ex-situ_lince_Portugal.pdf |
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Delibes, M., Rodriguez, A., and Ferreras, P. 2000. Action plan for the conservation of the Iberian lynx in Europe. Nature and environment 111: 1-44. Strasbourg Cedex, Council of Europe. |
| The main goal of the present
Action Plan is achieving long-term viability for the few existing populations
of the Iberian lynx. The Plan offers a discussion of conservation problems and
contains guidelines to solve them, but it is not a management plan itself. The speed at which the Iberian lynx heads for extinction is so fast that a drastic intervention of the competent Environmental Administrations is needed in many fields to fulfill the mandate of conservation laws. Measures have to be taken to preserve and recover a landscape that mimics the Mediterranean ecosystem resulting from millennia of man-forest interaction, which presumably has benefited rabbits, a crucial resource for lynx survival. When extensive habitat recovery is difficult or impossible between populations, linear corridors are needed to favour interpopulation dispersal. The destructive ability of modern human activities and developments on the sensitive natural areas of southern Iberia must be limited. Economic support should be provided to land uses favouring the recovery of rabbit populations. Lynx deaths due to direct or indirect human actions must stop immediately, and levels of natural mortality should be reduced by improving habitat quality (i.e. survival) in lynx areas. Although it is believed that in situ measures should prevail among conservation efforts, some knowledge is needed about ex situ initiatives, including an experimental captive breeding program, and other techniques aimed at lynx reintroduction or restocking which could be needed in the next future. Many practical questions remain unanswered because of incomplete information on ecological and behavioural aspects of the lynx biology. Therefore, research programs should cover current gaps in our knowledge. Special attention must be paid to improving methods for monitoring lynx presence and abundance, which allow assessment of the efficiency of conservation measures. In practice, most of the actions listed above generate some conflicts with ongoing activities and, therefore, need a strong political and legal support. In particular, many areas require some kind of legal protection. |
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Grupo de Trabajo Lince ibérico. 2001. |
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Action Plan of urgent measures. Content: Area of action (zonation), priority measures. |
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Grupo_Trabajo_Lince_iberico_2001_Plan_de_Actuacion_de_Medidas_urgentes.pdf |
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Junta de Castilla-La Mancha. 2003. Decreto 276/2003, de 09-09-2003, por el que se aprueba el plan de recuperación del lince ibérico y se declaran zonas sensibles las áreas críticas para la supervivencia de la especie en Castilla-La Mancha. D.O.C.M. Núm. 131: 1-17. |
| Decree 276/2003 from September 9, 2003 on the approval of the recovery plan for the Iberian lynx and in which the sensitive zones in critical areas for the survival of the species in Castilla-La Mancha are declared. |
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Junta_de_Castilla_La_Mancha_2003_Decreto_Lince_DOCM_plan_de_recuperacion_y_zonas.pdf |
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Junta de Castilla-La Mancha. 2003. |
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Map on the critical areas and important zones for the Iberian lynx in the Provinces of Ciudad Real and Albacete. Is part of the Iberian lynx recovery plan for Castilla-La Mancha. |
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Junta_de_Castilla_La_Mancha_2003_Plan_de_recuperacion_lince_Ciudad_Real_y_Albacete.pdf |
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Junta de Castilla-La Mancha. 2003. |
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Map on the critical areas and important zones for the Iberian lynx in the Province of Toledo. Is part of the Iberian lynx recovery plan for Castilla-La Mancha. |
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Junta_de_Castilla_La_Mancha_2003_Plan_de_recuperacion_lince_Toledo.pdf |
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Junta de Extremadura. 2004. |
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The decree 37/001 of March 6, which regulates the Regional
Catalogue of Endangered Species of Extremadura, classifies the Iberian lynx in
the category "at risk to extinction". According to the Law 8/1998 of
June 26 for the Conservation of the Nature and Natural Habitats in Extremadura,
and the Law 4/1989 of March 28 for the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of
the Flora and Fauna, the being of classified as at risk of extinction has to be
object for special recovery plans of which the elaboration and approval
corresponds to the Communities Autonomous. Content: Introduction / Aim & Objectives / Range of application and zonification / Action Plan / Implementation and monitoring of the Recovery Plan / Coordination of the actions / Financing / Duration and revisions. |
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Junta_de_Extremadura_2004_Plan_Recuperacion_del_lince_en_Extremadura.pdf |
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Nowell, K. and Jackson, P. (eds). 1996. |
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Information on description and bahavior, biology, habitat and distribution, population status, protection status and principal threats of the Iberian lynx. |
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Nowell_&_Jackson_1996_Iberian_lynx_in_IUCN_Cat_Action_Plan.pdf |
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Rodriguez, A., Delibes, M., and Ferreras, P. 2000. On recent actions undertaken for the conservation of the Iberian lynx in Spain. T-PVS (2000) 33: 85-87. Strasbourg, Berne Convention, Council of Europe. |
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After the thorough process of discussion on the successive drafts of the Action Plan for the Conservation of the Iberian lynx in Europe, whose final stage wsa the meeting held in Slovakia in October 1998, a definitive Action Plan has been produced under the auspices of the Large Carnivore Initiative for Europe. Further, this Plan is being considered for endorsement by European institutions. Since 1998 the course of conservation action has proceed in some fields. In the present document we outline the main advances during this period in the implementation of conservation measures which agree with whose considered in the Action Plan. We also discuss some shortcomings that, in our opinion, hinder the development of important actions. |
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Rodriguez_et_al_2000_Conservation_actions_for_the_Iberian_lynx.pdf |
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Rodriguez, A., Vargas, A., and Delibes, M. 2001.
Elementos para elaborar una estrategia para la conservacion del lince iberico. In: Conservacion de la biodiversidad y gestion forestal. Su aplicacion en la fauna vertebrada: 433-445. Camprodon i Subirachs, J. and Plana Bach, E.(Eds.). Barcleona: Edicions Universitat de Barcelona & Centre Tecnologic Forestal de Catalunya. |
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We outline the main ideas and action schemes which should be included in a conservation programme for the Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus) in Spain. Currently, in order to optimize the profitability of human and economic resources, these should be allocated to the conservation of wild populations rather than to captive breeding efforts. Recommended actions, regarding wild Iynx populations are classified into three groups, namely, applied scientific research, development of techniques for the management of Iynx populations and their habitat, and campaigns of public information and awareness. Management in the wild must focus on 1) the identification of a potential region where patchy landscape dominated by Mediterranean forest or scrubland should be protected and recovered, 2) the increase of density and geographical expansion of the European Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). 3) the complete elimination of non-selective predator control methods, and 4) Iynx recolonisation of recently lost range. At this stage. we advise against the use of captive breeding as a conservation tool, but we do believe that an experimental captive breeding programme would be highly valuable to gain knowledge which might be urgently needed in the future. Together with the practical handling of captive Iynx, this programme will be able to provide information on aspects of the Iynx biology that are little known, such as reproduction, genetics, physiology, nutrition, behaviour, and disease. |
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Rodriguez_et_al_2001_Estrategia_para_la_conservacion_del_lince_iberico.pdf |
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Sarmento, P., Cruz, J., and Serra, R. 2004. Conservation Action Plan for the Iberian Lynx in Portugal - Proposal. pp.1-43. Instituto da Conservacão da Natureza. |
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Purpose of this document: The Iberian lynx Conservation Action Plan was developed in order to provide a consistent and effective approach to preserve the species in Portuguese territory. Presently, the Iberian lynx is critically endangered, in a pre-extinction stage, and only the application of effective conservation measures can prevent its disappearance. In the global context of the factors that may affect lynx survival, the lack of official documents that regulate the species conservation could allow for the increment of the effects of regression factors and delay the conservation decision making process. This document, which is supported by the resolution n. º 152/2001, of October 11th, of the Ministries Council, was developed in order to be used as a tool for the organization of the recovery process for the Iberian lynx. Guiding Principles: This proposal provides guidance on future options, provides management consistency, and offers necessary flexibility in order to achieve the maximum goal of conserving the lynx in Portugal. The plan relies in four guiding principles: 1. Use the best scientific information available on Iberian lynx. We used scientific information from previous research throughout the range of the species, recognizing that major differences exist, both in behaviour and ecology, between the Doñana area (the best studied population) and the rest of the lynx range; 2. Act in a conservative way in terms of habitat alterations. A conservative approach is the best way to conserve the lynx historical range in order to maintain potentiality for future reintroduction. 3. Consider the habitat requirements of other wildlife species. An action plan that integrates recommendations for other endangered species is more likely to be successfully implemented. 4. Develop a useful, proactive action plan to conserve the lynx in its historical range, articulated with the Spanish Lynx Conservation Strategy. The conservation actions proposed in this plan will focus on suitable areas for lynx or in areas that can be successfully improved for future reintroduction, independently of their conservation status. Actions will be taken on breeding and dispersal habitats and will be mainly focused in the Portuguese-Spanish border. Therefore the collaboration with Spanish authorities will be a key factor for the success of this plan. Document Organization: Part I of the document provides an assessment of lynx status and threat factors. An overview of lynx ecology is presented first, followed by an identification and description of risk factors. Part II contains recommended conservation measures that address each of the risk factors. |
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Sarmento_et_al_2004_Action_plan_proposal_Iberian_lynx_Portugal.pdf |