Geoffroy's cat Leopardus geoffroyi can be used as an umbrella species among small wild cats, as its wide distribution overlaps with seven other small wild cat species. The Geoffroy's Cat Working Group GCWG was established to ensure the survival of Geoffroy's cats and other small wild cat populations, as well as their habitats in South America. Our mission involves raising awareness and implementing mitigation strategies to protect these species and promote coexistence with humans. Until now, our efforts focused on developing educational materials, implementing road signs and reducing conflicts in rural communities.

Throughout Costa Rican jungles, the puma Puma concolor is widely dispersed. At Cloudbridge Nature Reserve, located in a cloud forest of Pérez Zeledón, Costa Rica, pumas are frequently seen on the camera traps within the property. Until 2023, there were no records of a tailless puma in the database. Now, there have been two separate events captured on the cameras within the reserve. This is an acutely unusual event with limited literature about how this is caused. Globally, it is rare to have documentation of any tailless wild felid. Such little information requires further studies to understand the impact this may have on the individual and how this came to be. Cloudbridge will continue to monitor these cameras with anticipation of seeing the tailless puma again.

On two separate occasions, individual jaguars Panthera onca were observed catching (and subsequently consuming) lemon sharks Negaprion brevirostris in shallow surf water on Sirena Beach, Corcovado National Park, Costa Rica. The continued discovery of such previously unnoted species interactions can generate new and more widespread investigation of transboundary food web interactions in the tropics, leading to unusual and insightful ecological discovery.

The Arabian leopard Panthera pardus nimr is assessed as Critically Endangered in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Only limited and disjointed information is available from Yemen. However, in the last few years, several reports turned up on social media. They were mostly cases of illegal killing, but often from areas where scholars believed the leopard to be extinct, especially from the Al Dhabiyaniyah region. There was even one report of reproduction. Whilst active in situ projects remain highly unlikely due to the armed conflict, citizen science reports and social media should continually be surveyed to gather all possible information on these largely unknown populations.

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The caracal Caracal caracal schmitzi is a widely distributed felid species in the Arabian Peninsula; however little is known about its predatory behaviour. This paper presents new observations from the Dhofar Mountains of Oman of caracals killing several mammal species including rodents, rock hyrax Procavia capensis and mongoose. These observations further our understanding of the predatory habits of this little-studied felid species in the Arabian Peninsula.

The Endangered Borneo bay cat Catopuma badia (hereafter bay cat) is one of the
rarest and least known of all the small cats; however, recent studies using camera traps are increasingly contributing to our knowledge of bay cat distribution. During a three-year camera trap study in the Bukit Batikap Protection  Forest (Batikap) located in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, images of this highly elusive species were captured on five separate occasions, the second of which captured images of a bay cat pair that appeared to consist of both known colouration phases, the reddish-bay form and the light or dark grey, of which the latter is thought to be rarer. To our knowledge, this is the first photographic record of a bay cat pair of both colouration morphs in the wild and the first photographic record of bay cat in Batikap.

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The rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus is the smallest member of the Felidae family and is historically only found in the Indian subcontinent. While evidence of its distribution in Uttarakhand is limited, a recent observation was made in the northwest region of Dehradun Valley during an ecological census for large mammals. A camera trap deployed in Arcadia Beat of Asharodi Range in Dehradun Forest Division, at an abandoned tea plantation captured an image of the rusty-spotted cat. This is the first photographic evidence of the cat's presence in the Dehradun Forest Division.

Bornadi Wildlife Sanctuary is the critical tiger habitat of Manas Tiger Reserve, and for the first time, a tiger Panthera tigris was photo-captured in the sanctuary. Previously in 2018, the same individual was recorded on a camera trap in Manas National Park, more than 50 km to the west. This dispersal event is of significance for three reasons: first, it establishes functional connectivity in the Manas and Bornadi; second, it highlights the significance of areas like the Bornadi wildlife sanctuary for tiger conservation and emphasises the need to strengthen protection and management in such ‘satellite’ habitats. Lastly, it testifies to the recovery of tigers in Manas National Park, which may serve as a source site for surrounding areas. The finding also emphasises the need for joint collaborative monitoring and conservation practices to secure the transboundary habitats that are crucial for the recovery and persistence of tigers within the larger Manas complex.

Tigers Panthera tigris, snow leopards P. uncia and common leopards P. pardus are three of the top predators in Asia. Although habitat overlaps between the three species have been previously reported, we provide the first photographic evidence of the three big cat species of the Himalayas in the same area in Bhutan. Camera traps at one of the stations set up as part of the nationwide snow leopard survey in 2022 photographed the three wild cats in Thimphu Forest Division in the western part of the country. We recommend further monitoring to understand the nature of their coexistence and their impacts on the local ecosystem.

Bhutan is one of the few countries in which both tigers and snow leopards are found. Both these animals are totally protected in the country. Previously, habitat overlap between tigers and snow leopards in Bhutan was claimed based on evidence such as pugmarks, livestock kills and camera trap images. Until recently, there were no photo­graphic evidence on the habitat overlap between these two species. The first photo­graphic evidences on their co-occurrence was reported from Jigme Dorji National Park JDNP of Bhutan, based on camera trap data of the nationwide tiger survey 2021. In 2022, Wangchuck Centennial National Park WCNP carried out the camera trap survey for the snow leopard as a part of nationwide survey. For that, eighty-seven pairs of camera traps were deployed across 87 stations (2 km x 2 km grid) between altitude range of 3,714 to 5,287 metres in the park. A total of 18 different identifiable mammals were photo-captured in the camera traps. The snow leopards were photo-captured in 31 different camera stations. Remarkably, in a pair of camera traps both the tiger and the snow leopard were photo-captured at the same point. In this report, we present evidence to claim the co-occurrence of tigers and snow leopards in WCNP.

We report the presence of six wild cat species in Trashigang Forest Division in eastern Bhutan from a camera trap survey conducted in 2015 and 2017–2021. The species reported are: common leopard Panthera pardus, clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa, Asiatic golden cat Catopuma temminckii, marbled cat Pardofelis marmorata, leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis and jungle cat Felis chaus. Tiger P. tigris was not recorded. The species has however previously been reported in the region. Our findings suggest that landscapes outside protected areas are of equal potential for the long-term conservation of wild felids in Bhutan. Therefore, we recommend further camera trapping exercises in the division with adequate camera trap density and prolonged trapping effort. We also recommend sustainable forest management practices outside protected areas in the country.

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