IUCN / SSC Cat Specialist Group - Digital Cat Library |
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| Furtado, M.M. | |
| Estudo epidemiol¢gico de pat¢genos circulantes nas popula‡äes de on‡a-pintada e animais dom‚sticos em reas preservadas de trˆs biomas brasileiros: Cerrado, Pantanal e Amaz“nia | |
| 2010 Full Book | |
Habitat fragmentation and the increasing proximity between humans, domestic and wild animals can be responsible for emerging and re-emerging diseases, dissemination of pathogens and alterations in host-pathogen relationships. Declines in wild felids due to disease have recently been reported; however, little is known about their potential role in wild jaguar populations. This study aimed to investigate the presence of pathogens in jaguar populations and domestic animals in the regions of Emas National Park (ENP), CantÆo State Park (CSP) and the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, and to identify possible associations in the obtained diagnoses. Between February 2000 and January 2010, biological samples were collected from 31 jaguars, 1246 cattle, 179 dogs and 36 cats. Serological surveys for smooth _Brucella_ (RBT), _Leptospira_ spp. (MAT), _Toxoplasma gondii_ (MAT; IFAT), rabies virus (RFFIT), distemper virus (SN), FIV and FeLV (SNAPTM), and molecular tests for _Babiesa_ spp., _Hepatozoon_ spp., _Cytauxzoon_ spp., _Mycoplasma haemofelis_, '_Candidatus_ Mycoplasma haemominutum' and '_Candidatus_ Mycoplasma turicensis' were performed. Jaguar scats were analyzed for _Giardia intestinalis_, _Cryptosporidium_ spp., protozoas of the Sarcocystidae Family and _Mycobacterium _spp. Monitoring of jaguars through radio-transmitter provided pathogen occurrence maps. The most detectable serotypes of _Leptospira _spp. identified in jaguars from ENP and the Pantanal were distinct from those found in the domestic animals. Jaguars, dogs and cats in the three areas were highly exposed to _T. gondii_. Jaguars from ENP and the Pantanal were exposed to rabies, and jaguars from the Pantanal and dogs from the three areas were exposed to distemper virus. Two cats from the surroundings of CSP were seropositive for FeLV, but no jaguars were exposed to this agent or to FIV. Dogs from the surroundings of ENP and CSP were positive for _Babesia_ spp., while all jaguars were negative for the hemoparasite. All jaguars from the Pantanal and the ENP and three of four jaguars from the CSP were positive for _Hepatozoon _spp., and _Cytauxzoon felis_. There was no evidence of exposure to _Mycobacterium bovis_, but _Cryptosporidium_ spp. and _Giardia intestinalis_ were detected in jaguars from ENP. According to the results, distemper and rabies should be considered potential threats to jaguar populations; brucellosis and leptospirosis could have been transmitted by domestic animals; and jaguars probably play an important role in the maintenance of _T. gondii, Cytauxzoon felis, Hepatozoon_ spp. and '_Candidatus_ Mycoplasma haemominutum' in nature. |
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