IUCN / SSC Cat Specialist Group - Digital Cat Library |
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| Penteado, M.J.F. | |
| µrea de vida, padräes de deslocamento e sele‡Æo de habitat por pumas e jaguatiricas, em paisagem fragmentada do estado de SÆo Paulo | |
| 2012 Full Book | |
The cougar (_Puma concolor_) and the ocelot (_Leopardus pardalis_) are broadly distributed in the Americas, and occurs in biomes ranging from dry areas to tropical forests. As all medium to large sized predators, they need large landscapes to survive, and may be particularly vulnerable to local extinction in fragmented landscapes, where their disappearance can lead to higher densities of small mammalian predators, or mesopredators, and the impoverishment of lower trophic levels. Besides the loss of habitat, these species suffer from a lack of information about its ecology, including home range, habitat use and patterns of movement and dispersion, essential to develop effective management action plans and conservation strategies. The present study examined some of this information in two areas with significant levels of human impacts (municipalities in Paul¡nia, Cosm¢polis, Americana and Atibaia), by monitoring a cougar by GPS radio telemetry and three ocelots by VHF radio telemetry. We describe the cougar's home range with 11.400ha (100% MCP). We found string selection for habitats with dense forest cover, and use of riparian areas as travel routes. We also found that their activity level decreases as the night progresses. We determinate preferential predation sites by cluster analysis, with indications that the tracked cougar identified the best places to predation of larger animals. We also estimate the home range for three ocelots, ranging between 153 and 680ha (100% MCP) within the range reported for tropical forest, but much lower than that reported for other areas of the Americas, including brazilian Pantanal and Igua‡£. We also observed a preference for environments with dense vegetation. Considering these results, efficient strategies for the preservation of these species depend on maintaining areas of native forest, connected by movement corridors, allowing the transit of these animals between them and the contact and gene flow between different populations. |
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