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Hart, J.A.; Detwiler, K.M.; Gilbert, C.C.; Burrell, A.S.; Fuller, J.L.; Emetshu, M.; Hart, T.B.; Vosper, A.; Sargis, E.J.; Tosi, A.J.
Lesula: A new species of _Cercopithecus_ monkey endemic to the Democratic Republic of Congo and implications for conservation of Congo's Central Basin
2012  PLoS ONE (7): 1-17

In June 2007, a previously undescribed monkey known locally as ''lesula'' was found in the forests of the middle Lomami Basin in central Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). We describe this new species as _Cercopithecus lomamiensis_ sp. nov., and provide data on its distribution, morphology, genetics, ecology and behavior. _C. lomamiensis_ is restricted to the lowland rain forests of central DRC between the middle Lomami and the upper Tshuapa Rivers. Morphological and molecular data confirm that _C. lomamiensis_ is distinct from its nearest congener, _C. hamlyni_, from which it is separated geographically by both the Congo (Lualaba) and the Lomami Rivers. _C. lomamiensis_, like _C. hamlyni_, is semi-terrestrial with a diet containing terrestrial herbaceous vegetation. The discovery of _C. lomamiensis_ highlights the biogeographic significance and importance for conservation of central Congo's interfluvial TL2 region, defined from the upper Tshuapa River through the Lomami Basin to the Congo (Lualaba) River. The TL2 region has been found to contain a high diversity of anthropoid primates including three forms, in addition to _C. lomamiensis_, that are endemic to the area. We recommend the common name, lesula, for this new species, as it is the vernacular name used over most of its known range.

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