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Morell, V.
Cowardly Lions Confound Cooperation Theory
1995  Science (269): 1216-1217

The existence of true lionhearts and cowardly lions is not what has scientists excited but it's the lion's consistency. Lionhearted individuals are always brave, putting their lives on the line to defend their pride's territory, even if they are forced time and again to share defensive duties with coward. And that throws a big monkey whrench into a classic explanation for the evolution of cooperative behavior in a selfish, dog-eat-dog (or lion-eat-gazelle) world.

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