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Nowell, K.; Bauer, H.
Classification of the lion, _Panthera leo_, on the IUCN Red List of threatened species
2004  Full Book

In light of recent surveys (Bauer and Van Der Merwe 2004, Chardonnet 2002), the classification of the lion Panthera leo on the IUCN Red List of Threatend Species <www.redlist.org> was re-assessed. The lion is now classified as Vulnerable under criteria A2abcd. "A species population reduction of >30 - <50% is suspected over the past two decades (three lion generations). The causes of this reduction are not well understood, are unlikely to have ceased, and may not be reversible. This suspected reduction is based on direct observation; appropriate indices of abundance; a decline in area of occupation, extent of occupation and habitat quality; and actual and potential levels of exploitation."

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