IUCN / SSC Cat Specialist Group - Digital Cat Library |
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| Schwartz, M.K.; Luikart, G.; McKelvey, K.S.; Cushman, S.A. | |
| Landscape Genomics: A Brief Perspecitve | |
| 2009 Book Chapter | |
Landscape genetics is the amalgamation of population genetics and landscape ecology (see Manel et al. 2003; Storfer et al. 2007). In Chapter 17, we discuss landscape genetics and provide two examples of applications in the area of modeling population connectivity and inferring fragmentation. These examples, like virtually all extant landscape genetic analyses, were based on evaluating spatial genetic patterns using a relatively small number of selectively neutral (or nearly neutral) markers. Landscape genomics, on the other hand, is the simultaneous study of tens-to-hundreds of markers, ideally including markers in candidate adaptive genes (genes under selection), with georeferenced samples collected across a landscape. While landscape genomics is, in one sense, simply landscape genetics with lots of data (thus reduced variance and increased precision), the qualitatively different (adaptive, potentially non-independent) nature and analytical approaches associated with these data are different enough to produce a profoundly different field. In the past year there has been a boom in molecular genetics technology and this has lead to an unprecedented amount of genomics data (Hauser and Seeb 2008;, Mardis 2008; Shendure and Ji 2008; Eid et al. 2009). Consider this: the Human Genome Project, whose goal it was to sequence one human genome cost US$3 billion and took 15 years (Collins et al. 2003), yet today a private company is offering to sequence a whole human genome for $350,000 in 2-3 months (http://www.knome.com/home/). Other companies are promising a $100 human genome, produced within one hour, by the year 2012 (http://www.pacificbiosciences.com/index.php). This wealth of genetic information will lead to changes in the way we study animal populations across the landscape. |
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