IUCN / SSC Cat Specialist Group - Digital Cat Library |
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| Elbroch, L.M.; Wittmer, H.U. | |
| The effects of puma prey selection and specialization on less abundant prey in Patagonia | |
| 2013 Journal of Mammalogy (94): 259-268 | |
Populations of generalist foragers may in fact be composed of individuals that select different prey. We monitored 9 pumas (_Puma concolor_) in Chilean Patagonia using Argos-global positioning system (Argos-GPS) technology for a mean of 9.33 months 6 5.66 SD. We investigated 694 areas where puma location data were spatially aggregated, called GPS clusters, at which we identified 433 kill sites and 6 acts of scavenging. Pumas as a population specialized upon guanacos (_Lama guanicoe_), whereas only 7 of 9 individual pumas specialized upon guanacos. One puma specialized upon domestic sheep (_Ovis aries_) and 1 upon European hares (_Lepus europaeus_) in terms of numbers of prey killed. Male and female pumas selected different distributions of prey and pumas exhibited prey selection at both the individual and population level. Three of 9 pumas exhibited selection when we compared individual prey use to prey availability within individual pumas' home ranges. One puma selected endangered huemul (_Hippocamelus bisulcus_) and 2 selected sheep. When we compared individual prey use to prey use at the population level, 5 of 9 pumas differed from the population norm. Whereas pumas did not select huemul at the population level, 2 individuals did select huemul. Two individuals also selected domestic sheep, and the influence of these 2 pumas was substantial enough to result in a population-level effect. Our research highlights the need to determine whether pumas exhibit individual foraging variation throughout their range, the extrinsic factors associated with (and possibly influencing) such variation, and how pumas that select rare and less abundant species in multiprey systems impact recovering prey populations. |
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