IUCN / SSC Cat Specialist Group - Digital Cat Library |
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| Ahmad, G. | |
| Analisis Pola Sebaran Spasial _Panthera pardus melas_ Cuvier, 1809 di Taman Nasional Alas Purwo | |
| 2007 Full Book | |
Javan leopard (_Panthera pardus melas_) is a predator that can quickly adapt to changes, is able to learn new things quickly, can expertly hide itself, has good climbing ability, has the ability to swim, and is very agile on the ground. These characteristics often create difficulties in terms of research and inventory necessary in the interest of management and conservation. There are an estimated 350-700 Javan leopards within the conservation areas around the island of Java (Sntiapillai and Ramono 1992). Although the state of the Javan leopard is bettern than the one of the Javan tiger (_Panthera tigris sondaica_), management activities should be undertaken with caution and responsibility. The manager, or in this case Alas Purwo National Park, is required to cooperate with other parties such as researchers, students, or the general public, as conservation efforts will not succeed if they are only done unilaterally. This study was conducted in March-May 2006 at the Alas Purwo National Park in East Java. The aim was to determine the spatial distribution pattern of Javan leopard and to prove the existence of a relationship between the habitat and type of activity. Direct and indirect data were used in this study. Direct observation data where obtained from direct encounters with Javan leopards, whereas indirect observation data stemmed from vocalizations, pugmarks, kill remains, scratch marks on the ground (scrape), scratch marks on trees (scratch), and scats. Observations were carried out in five types of ecosystems: mangrove, coastal forest, forest plantations, lowland forest and the savanna of Sadengan. Fourty-one observation were collected successfully. The data show a range of activities. The results of the calculation with chi square proves that the observed types of activity have a relationship with the characeteristics of existing habitat in the Als Purwo National Park. The data analysis also showed that the Javan leopard in the Alas Purwo National Park has a clumped spatial distribution. This ir related to both internal and external factors. Internal factors refer to the biological properties of the leopard (e.g. metabolic processes, reproduction, adaptation). The behaviour is influenced by stimuli from the inside (endogenous factor) as well as stimuli from the outside (exogenous factor). External factors include the habitat components (e.g. prey species, water availability, vegetation structure and cover in the form of rock formations/caves) and potential disturbances (e.g. fires, poaching, tourism, exploitation of natural resources). |
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