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Gunawan, H.; Prasetyo, L.B.; Mardiastuti, A.; Kartono, A.P.
Habitat macan tutul jawa (_Panthera pardus melas_ Cuvier 1809) di lansekap hutan tanaman pinus
2012  Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam (9): 49-67

Javan leopard (_Panthera pardus melas_ Cuvier, 1809) naturally distributes in Java Island, Kangean Island, Nusakambangan Island and Sempu Island. Javan leopard lives in varying habitat types due to their tolerance to various climates and preys. In Central Java Province, Javan leopards occupy teak forest (_Tectona grandis_ L.f.), pine forest (_Pinus_ spp.), mix plantation forest and both lowland and mountain natural forest. The objective of this research was to study the habitat characteristics of Javan leopard in pine forest landscape and its threat especially that generated from forest fragmentation. The methods used were Javan leopard distribution survey, observation on vegetation structure and habitat feature, inventory of leopard's preys and forest fragmentation analyses. The resulty showed that pine forests play a significant role as habitat of Javan leopards in Central Java due to its second largest areas (36.3%) after teak forest (55.3%) and Javan leopards are more frequently found in pine forest (43.8%) than in other forest types. Most of Javan leopard's habitats in pine forest landscape were more than 500 m above sea level, with wet climate (A and B) and more than 60% steep topography. Javan leopard's habitat in pine forest landscape gnerally includes protected forest. Three research areas (KPH Pekalongan Barat, Banyumas Barat and Banyumas Timur) provide high availability of main preys (primates and ungulates) and water along the year. Main threat to Javan leopard's in pine forest landscape was that they were isolated in small habitat patch due to forest fragmentation as a result of settlement, agriculture land, road, railway, and river.

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