Cheetah status
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Population. Estimated at 1000,
with a range of 500-1500. Found in the grasslands of Masailand and a few localized areas
of woodlands. Populations do exist in the Serengeti/ Ngorongoro Conservation
Area (25,000 km2),
possibly as many as 500, however, the population suffers due to competition
with lions and hyenas.
There have been sightings in Mikumi National Park (3,230 km2),
Tarangire National Park (2,600 km2),
Katavi National Park (2,250 km2), and Ruaha National Park (10,200 km2).
Gros (2002) estimated the
population at 600-1000 individuals. Cheetahs are still widely distributed within
the country, although range constriction appears to have started in central
Tanzania. Established protected populations seem to be stable, although this
could mask population decreases at a larger scale.
Principal Threats. Poaching,
predation and competition with other large predators.
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Current
distribution of the cheetah in Tanzania based on recent
sighting locations. Dots pinpoint the locations of sightings
made outside of protected areas. Solid black indicates
protected areas with established cheetah populations
and shaded pattern marks protected areas where cheetahs
are observed occasionally.
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Protected
areas in Tanzania
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Background
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Shortly after independence, Tanganyika and Zanzibar
merged to form the nation of Tanzania in 1964. One-party rule came to an end
in 1995 with the first democratic elections held in the country since the
1970s. Zanzibar's semi-autonomous status and popular opposition have led to
two contentious elections since 1995, which the ruling party won despite
international observers' claims of voting irregularities.
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Geography |
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Area: total:
945,087 sq km; land: 886,037 sq km; water: 59,050 sq km
note: includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar
Climate: varies from
tropical along coast to temperate in highlands Terrain: plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south
Natural resources: hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal,
diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel
Land use: arable land: 4.23%; permanent crops: 1.16%; other: 94.61% (2005)
Irrigated land: 1,550 sq km (1998 est.)
Natural hazards: flooding on the central plateau during the rainy
season; drought
Environment-current issues: soil
degradation; deforestation; desertification; destruction of coral reefs
threatens marine habitats; recent droughts affected marginal agriculture;
wildlife threatened by illegal hunting and trade, especially for ivory
Environment-international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the
Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography – note: Kilimanjaro is highest point in Africa; bordered
by three of the largest lakes on the continent: Lake Victoria (the world's
second-largest freshwater lake) in the north, Lake Tanganyika (the world's
second deepest) in the west, and Lake Nyasa in the southwest
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People |
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Population: 37,445,392
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the
effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life
expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and
growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than
would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years: 43.7% (male 8,204,593/female 8,176,489); 15-64
years: 53.6% (male 9,906,446/female 10,178,066); 65 years and over:
2.6% (male 422,674/female 557,124) (2006 est.)
Median age: total: 17.7 years; male: 17.5
years; female: 18 years (2006 est.)
Population growth rate: 1.83% (2006 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 96.48 deaths/1,000 live births; male: 105.64
deaths/1,000 live births; female: 87.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2006
est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total
population: 45.64 years; male: 44.93 years; female: 46.37
years (2006 est.)
Total fertility rate: 4.97 children born/woman (2006 est.)
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Distribution
of the human population in Tanzania
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 8.8% (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with
HIV/AIDS: 1.6 million (2003 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths: 160,000 (2003 est.)
Major infectious diseases: degree of risk: very high; food or
waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever; vectorborne
diseases: malaria, Rift Valley fever and plague are high risks in some
locations; water contact disease: schistosomiasis (2005)
Ethnic groups:
mainland-native African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130
tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab); Zanzibar-Arab,
native African, mixed Arab and native African
Religions: mainland - Christian 30%,
Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 35%; Zanzibar - more than 99% Muslim
Languages: Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguju (name for Swahili
in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration,
and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages
note: Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people
living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu in
structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources, including
Arabic and English, and it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern
Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages
Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write Kiswahili (Swahili), English, or
Arabic; total population: 78.2%; male: 85.9%; female:
70.7% (2003 est.) |
Government |
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Data code: TZ
Government type: republic
Independence: 26 April
1964; Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 (from UK-administered UN
trusteeship); Zanzibar became independent 19 December 1963 (from UK);
Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of
Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964
Legal system: based on English common law; judicial review of
legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Political pressure groups and
leaders:
NA
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Economy |
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Economy-overview: Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world.
The economy depends heavily on agriculture, which accounts for almost half of
GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs 80% of the work force. Topography and
climatic conditions, however, limit cultivated crops to only 4% of the land
area. Industry traditionally featured the processing of agricultural products
and light consumer goods. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and
bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's out-of-date
economic infrastructure and to alleviate poverty. Long-term growth through 2005
featured a pickup in industrial production and a substantial increase in output
of minerals, led by gold. Recent banking reforms have helped increase
private-sector growth and investment. Continued
donor assistance and solid macroeconomic policies supported real GDP growth of
more than 6% in 2005.
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GDP - real growth rate: 6.8% (2005 est.)
GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 43.2%; industry:
17.2%; services: 39.6% (2004 est.)
Labor force: 19.22 million (2005 est.)
Labor force-by occupation: agriculture 80%, industry and services 20% (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate: NA%
Population below poverty line: 36% (2002 est.)
Agriculture-products:
coffee, sisal, tea, cotton,
pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashew nuts, tobacco, cloves,
corn, wheat, cassava (tapioca), bananas, fruits, vegetables; cattle, sheep,
goats
Industries: agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes,
sisal twine); diamond, gold, and iron mining, salt, soda ash; cement, oil
refining, shoes, apparel, wood products, fertilizer
Exports: $1.581 billion f.o.b.
(2005 est.)
Exports-commodities: coffee, manufactured goods, cotton, cashew nuts,
minerals, tobacco, sisal (1996)
Exports-partners: India
8.9%, Spain 8.2%, Netherlands 6.3%, Japan 5.7%, UK 4.9%, China 4.7%, Kenya 4.7%
(2004)
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Distribution
of Bovine livestock in Tanzania
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Imports: $2.391 billion f.o.b.
(2005 est.)
Imports-commodities: consumer goods, machinery and transportation
equipment, industrial raw materials, crude oil
Imports-partners: South
Africa 12.7%, China 7.8%, India 6.4%, Kenya 5.4%, UAE 5.3%, US 4.8%, UK 4.6%,
Zambia 4% (2004)
Currency (code): Tanzanian
shilling (TZS)
Exchange rates: Tanzanian
shillings per US dollar - 1,128.93 (2005), 1,089.33 (2004), 1,038.42 (2003),
966.58 (2002), 876.41 (2001)
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Communication |
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Telephone system: general assessment: fair system operating below capacity and being modernized for better
service; very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system under construction
domestic: trunk service provided by open-wire, microwave radio relay,
tropospheric scatter, and fiber-optic cable; some links being made digital
international: country code - 255; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat
(1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations: AM 12, FM 11, shortwave 2 (1998)
Television broadcast stations: 3
(1999)
Internet country code: .tz
Internet hosts: 9,241
(2005)
Internet users: 333,000 (2005) |
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